Rus in Medieval Europe

The history of the medieval kingdom of Rus is one that holds a contested place in historiography. Even referring to it as a “kingdom” is an argument by itself, as many consider to be a principality or series of principalities. Typically, Rus is dealt with as the earliest part of Russian history, though claims have also been made for it as the earliest part of Ukrainian history. This bibliography will take the approach that it is a medieval polity of its own and focus upon not just Rus, but primarily its relations with the rest of medieval Europe. As such, the bibliography will restrict itself to topics related to that theme particularly for the 11th and 12th centuries, though more generally for what is typically referred to as the High Middle Ages. There is much more to say about medieval Rus than is included here, and the reader is encouraged to use this just as a starting point to learn more about the history of the kingdom of Rus and its neighbors.