Biomineralisation: An Interdisciplinary Overview Of Biological Processes And Applications

Biomineralisation is the process by which living organisms produce minerals, often to harden or stiffen existing tissues. This review provides a comprehensive survey of the mechanisms, molecular processes, and applications of biomineralisation in nature and industry. Emphasis is placed on the interactions between organic matrices and inorganic components, recent advances in understanding the nano‐ and microstructures formed by organisms, and the implications for biomedical and materials science applications. This paper integrates findings from over 20 key references, illustrating both historical perspectives and cutting‐edge research.