Predictors of unfavorable perinatal outcomes among women with early-onset preeclampsia without severe features: a retrospective cohort study at Wachemo University Nigist Eleni Mohammed Memorial Comprehensive Specialized Hospital

Abstract Background Although the prognosis of preeclampsia without severity features is favorable, its adverse forms are a major cause of perinatal and maternal morbidity and mortality. There is no data on predictors and survival time to develop maternal and perinatal unfavorable outcomes of preeclampsia without severity features and normotensive women in the study area. Objective To determine the incidence and predictors of unfavorable perinatal outcomes of early-onset preeclampsia without severity feature and normotensive pregnant women in Wachemo University Nigist Eleni Mohammed Memorial Comprehensive Specialized Hospital,2022 G.C. Methods Hospital-based retrospective cohort study was conducted among 132 exposed and 132 unexposed pregnant women at Wachemo University Nigist Eleni Mohammed Memorial Comprehensive Specialized Hospital from January 1/2019 to December 30/2021. The incidence of unfavorable perinatal outcomes was calculated from the total adverse outcome to the sample(population) time. Survival probabilities were shown in the Kaplan-Meier graph. Data were entered using the epi data version 4.6 and exported to STATA version 14. Variables having P < 0.25 in bivariate analysis were fitted for multivariate Cox. Results A total of 264 pregnant women were followed for 2305.96 person weeks for perinatal outcomes. The incidence of unfavorable perinatal outcomes was 19.1 per 1000 person-weeks. Gestational age at admission (AHR: 11.81 95%CI:5.94–23.46)), medical illness (AHR: 3.85 95%CI:2.00-7.40), exposure status (AHR:2.64 95%CI:1.20–5.79)) and maternal outcome (AHR: 5.15, 95%CI:2.67–9.92) were predictors of the unfavorable perinatal outcome. Conclusion The Kaplan-Meier survival function graph shows the cumulative survival proportion appears to be much higher in the unexposed group than in the exposed group. There were indicators that were significant for maternal and perinatal outcomes.