Exploring Canadian Public Perceptions of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder

With a national prevalence of 4%, fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is a leading developmental disability in Canada. FASD has lifelong effects on cognitive, emotional, behavioral, social, and physical health. Despite its significant prevalence, FASD is poorly understood and highly stigmatized, which can exacerbate challenges and limit access to supports. This study explored knowledge of FASD among 372 Canadian adults to identify common knowledge gaps and misconceptions. Participants were recruited through the Angus Reid Forum for a larger study on FASD and other neurodevelopmental disorders. In the current study, we analyzed responses to one open-ended question which asked participants to report what they know about FASD. Using qualitative content analysis, five categories emerged from the data: (1) general knowledge, (2) causes, (3) perceived impacts, (4) nature of FASD and (5) stigmatizing attitudes. The results suggest a wide range of knowledge and awareness. While some participants had a strong understanding, some were not aware of FASD, and others believed misconceptions and held stigmatizing beliefs. Participants who had direct experiences with individuals with FASD had a more accurate understanding. The findings suggest the need for targeted education campaigns to address misconceptions, reduce stigma, and promote a more informed understanding of FASD.