Hyperglycemia and Pancreatic Damage in Sucrose-Immersion-Induced Zebrafish

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia and structural changes in the Langerhans islets and a decrease in the number of pancreatic beta cells [2]. Zebrafish is one of the animals that can be used as a model of hyperglycemia. The study aims to prove the effect of sucrose immersion on blood glucose levels and changes in Langerhans islet structure in zebrafish. Laboratory research, and using posttest group control only research design. The research sample was 30 adult male zebrafish. The research groups consisted of Normal (N), G1 (1% sucrose immersion), G2 (2% sucrose immersion), and G3 (4% sucrose immersion). Sucrose induction is a modification of previous researchers [1],[4]. Sucrose induction was carried out for 28 days. The process of changing the bath water was carried out every 2 days. Zebrafish care followed laboratory procedures. At the end of the study, zebrafish were fed for 10 hours. The sacrifice process was carried out by placing the zebrafish in ice water for 10 minutes. After the fish was unconscious, the tail was cut to check fasting blood glucose levels using glucotest. Next, the pancreas organ was taken. Pancreatic organs were made in the form of preparate histology with HE staining. Langerhans islet damage data were calculated manually, the number of cells experiencing pycnosis, karyorrhexis, karyolysis, vacuolization and diameter of the Langerhans islet then converted into a degree of damage [3]. Blood glucose data and islet Langerhans damage were analyzed using oneway ANOVA with a significance of p<0.05. The highest glucose level was achieved at G3 (188.67 ± 15.97mg/dL) different from N (84.17 ± 5.71mg/dL), G1 (131.67 ± 3.78mg/dL) and G2 (137.83 ± 4.71mg/dL) (p<0.05). The level of Langerhans islet damage was highest in G3 (81.8%) compared to N (3.8%), G1 (33.8%) and G2 (62.65%) p<0.05. The area of islets of Langerhans was smaller in G3 (7126.67 ± 1482.9) compared to N, G1 and G2 p<0.05 and the diatemer of Langerhans islet was smaller in G3 (69.698 ± 8.47μm) compared to N, G1 and G2 p<0.05.