Whose open science are we talking about? From open science in psychology to open science in applied linguistics

The momentum for open science in applied linguistics has been on the rise, with exciting developments such as the dedicated Open Science in Applied Linguistics volume, special issues in journals, research networks, and conferences focused on promoting open science in the field. Although psychology has exerted various positive influences on the development of open science in applied linguistics, in this essay I call for a critical reflection on the potential bias present in psychology's open science discourse and the potential risk of marginalising alternative research paradigms. The UNESCO Recommendation on Open Science offers a more comprehensive and inclusive approach to open science that is relevant to all disciplines. Applied linguistics can utilise the UNESCO Recommendation to encourage open dialogues between researchers across paradigms, address underexplored areas, and adapt to the constantly changing research landscape. Ultimately, the field must work collectively to create an open science framework that is inclusive and tailored to the unique characteristics and priorities of applied linguistics, while embracing the ethos of openness and engaging with emerging possibilities.