Tsunamis in the Greek Region: An Overview of Geological and Geomorphological Evidence

The Greek region is known as one of the most seismically and tectonically active areas and it has been struck by some devastating tsunamis, with the most prominent one being the 365 AD event. During the past decade significant research efforts have been made in search of geological and geomorphological evidence of palaeotsunamis along the Greek coasts, primarily through the examination of sediment corings (72% of studies) and secondarily through boulders (i.e., 18%). The published data show that some deposits have been correlated with well-known events such as 365 AD, 1303 AD, the Minoan Santorini Eruption and the 1956 Amorgos earthquake and tsunami, while coastal studies from western Greece have also reported up to five tsunami events, dating as far back as the 6th millennium BC. Although the Ionian Islands, Peloponnese and Crete has been significantly studied, in the Aegean region research efforts are still scarce. Recent events such as the 1956 earthquake and tsunami and the 2020 Samos earthquake and tsunami highlight the need for further studies in this region, to better assess the impact of past events and for improving our knowledge of tsunami history. As Greece is amongst the most seismically active regions globally and has suffered from devastating tsunamis in the past, the identification of tsunami prone areas is essential not only for the scientific community but also for public authorities to design appropriate mitigation measures and prevent tsunami losses in the future.