Evaluation of Antibacterial Activities and Extraction of Phytochemical Components from Leaf of Withania somnifera (Gizawa)

Abstract Nowadays, the uses of medicinal plants are more diverse to prevent human health care, in which medicinal plants are powerful inhibition of microorganisms cause disease. The study is conducted to assess evaluation of antibacterial activity, phytochemical screening and methods of extracting secondary metabolites of a traditionally used medicinal plant, Withania somnifera. The plant has been extracted using 80% aqueous ethanol by maceration technique, and 16.50 g of brown ethanol crude were obtained. The crude ethanol suspended in water and partitioned within different polarity of solvents (n-hexane, ethylene acetate, and n-buthanol), respectively. During partitioning, 7.5 g of ethylene acetate were collected after concentrated using a rotary evaporator and few grams of n-hexane were obtained. The study revealed phytochemical components like alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, glycosides, terpeniods and steroids. The antibacterial properties of the crude extracts from Withania somnifera were tested against two gram-negative (E. coli and K. pneumonia) and two gram-positive (S. aurous and S. pyogenes), in which the active tie sample was administered at concentrations of 50 mg/ml, 75 mg/ml, and 100 mg/ml in total. During antibacterial tests, all the extracts exhibited strong antibacterial properties at high concentrations but, various at low concentration.