Prevalence, Pattern, and Motivational Factors Associated with Stimulant Usage Among Medical Students in University of Ilorin, Kwara State

Background: The use of stimulants by young adults is an increasing public health concern, especially in university settings where high consumption rates are a result of academic pressure. Due to their rigorous academic schedules, long hours, and clinical obligations, medical students may be particularly vulnerable. There are limited research on medical students at the University of Ilorin despite evidence of widespread stimulant usage in Nigerian universities. Aim: This study assessed the prevalence, patterns, and motivational factors associated with stimulant usage among medical students at the University of Ilorin, Kwara State. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 251 medical students selected through convenience sampling. Data were collected using a semi-structured, self- administered questionnaire. Variables assessed included socio-demographics, stimulant use patterns, types consumed, motivations, and perceptions. Data were analysed using SPSS, with descriptive statistics summarising responses and chi-square tests assessing associations. A significance level of p < 0.05 was applied. Results: Lifetime stimulant usage was reported by 59.4% of respondents, however only 8.4% were current users. Caffeine (29.5%) and energy drinks (13.9%) were the most widely taken stimulants. The majority of use was sporadic and exam-related, with the main motivators being staying up late (43.0%) and studying for extended periods of time (31.0%). The majority of responders (92.0%) said they were worried about the adverse effects, and 82.9% said they would quit if there were healthier options. Regression analysis showed a significant association between gender and stimulant use. Conclusion: At the University of Ilorin, stimulant use is common among medical students, but it is primarily situational and motivated by academic pressure rather than persistent reliance. 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