Advanced Numerical Modeling of Sediment Transport in Gravel-Bed Rivers

Understanding the alterations of gravel bed structures, sediment transport, and the effects on aquatic habitat play an essential role in eco-hydraulic and sediment transport management. In recent years, the evaluation of changes of void in bed materials has attracted more concern. However, analyzing the morphological changes and grain size distribution that are associated with the porosity variations in gravel-bed rivers are still challenging. This study develops a new model using a multi-layer’s concept to simulate morphological changes and grain size distribution, taking into account the porosity variabilities in a gravel-bed river based on the mass conservation for each size fraction and the exchange of fine sediments between the surface and subsurface layers. The Discrete Element Method (DEM) is applied to model infiltration processes and to confirm the effects of the relative size of fine sediment to gravel on the infiltration depth. Further, the exchange rate and the bed porosity are estimated while using empirical formulae. The new model was tested on three straight channels. Analyzing the calculated results and comparing with the observed data show that the new model can successfully simulate sediment transport, grain sorting processes, and bed change in gravel-bed rivers.