Effect of BOTELI practice frequency and hand grip strength on rally groundstroke forehand tennis skills in sports students: A two-way ANOVA analysis

Introduction. BOTELI is intended to train beginner tennis players in rally groundstrokes. BOTELI is different from a ball-throwing machine Study Aims. 1) To determine the effect of BOTELI practice frequency on rally groundstroke forehand tennis skills. 2) To evaluate the effect of BOTELI training and hand grip strength on rally groundstroke forehand tennis skill. 3) To examine the interaction effect between BOTELI practice frequency and hand grip strength on rally groundstroke forehand tennis skill. Materials and Methods. The research used an experimental method. The study sample was 48 sports students from Sebelas Maret University in 2024. The data collection involved using the Kem-Vincent rally tests to assess rally skills and a hand dynamometer to measure hand grip strength. The data analysis technique used a 2×2 factorial two-way ANOVA with a significance level of α = 0.05, using SPSS version 26 software for Windows. Results. The results showed that BOTELI practice frequency could improve forehand tennis rally groundstroke skills, with a value of (0.000 < α 0.05) and (F-count = 128.004 > F-table 4.06). Hand grip strength can improve rally groundstroke forehand tennis skills, with a value (0.000 < α 0.05) and (F-count = 83.505 > F-table 4.06). There was an interaction between BOTELI training frequency and hand grip strength in improving rally groundstroke forehand tennis skills, with a value of (0.000 < α 0.05) and (F-count = 9.278 > F-table 4.06). So, improving rally groundstroke forehand Tennis skills was influenced by the BOTELI frequency training and hand grip strength. Conclusions. This study showed that for beginner tennis players, the improvement of rally groundstroke forehand tennis skill can be effectively achieved using the BOTELI method. This method has been proven to be valid and reliable in rapidly improving rally groundstroke forehand tennis skill while providing an efficient, effective, and enjoyable exercise experience.