Characterizing antiseizure medication in patients with diagnosis of epilepsy in San Jose Infantil and San Jose Centro Hospitals: A retrospective cohort study in Colombia, 2019-2022

Introduction: Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological diseases in the world that affects millions of people. We aimed to characterize antiseizure medications (ASM) and to evaluate their clinical behavior in terms of treatment adherence and seizure control of patients treated for epilepsy in two hospitals in Bogotá, Colombia: San José Centro and San José Infantil, between 2019 and 2022. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of patients treated for epilepsy in two hospitals in Bogota, Colombia: San José Centro and San José Infantil. The study was approved by the faculty and ethics committee of Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud (FUCS). We surveyed patients who met the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) criteria for epilepsy. The survey included demographic, social impact, clinical, and treatment data. Statistical analysis was done with Stata v.17 and Jamovi V2.3.26. Results: The study included 797 patients who met the criteria for epilepsy diagnosis. A total of 44.1% of the patients needed only one medication to control their seizures adequately. We found that patients who used the new generation of antiseizure medications had better control of epilepsy, primarily due to greater adherence in this study population. Discussion: New-generation antiseizure medications demonstrate similar efficacy to older drugs but with better adherence, fewer adverse effects, and lower treatment abandonment. No additional benefit was observed with polytherapy, emphasizing the importance of a rational treatment approach. Reduced drug interactions make these medications particularly beneficial for vulnerable populations. Additionally, failure to achieve seizure control with the first medication increases the risk of pharmacoresistance, highlighting the need for individualized management. Conclusion: The new generation of antiseizure medications shows a clinical response comparable to that of older drugs, with a better adherence rate, fewer adverse effects, and a lower rate of treatment abandonment.