Laser‐Induced Graphene Bioelectronics for Flexible Multimodal Physiological‐Electrophysiological Monitoring

ABSTRACT Accurate monitoring of physiological and neural electrophysiological signals is crucial for understanding brain function and its underlying biological mechanisms. Here, we report flexible laser‐induced graphene (LIG) bioelectronics that achieve mechanical compatibility with soft tissues and enable multimodal recording across species. Through optimized fabrication and multistep surface modification, we developed bilateral LIG (BiL‐LIG) biosensors with an extended working range (up to 40% improvement compared with single‐layer LIG) and high sensitivity at high strain (gauge factor of 3.77), as well as interfacially engineered LIG (IntE‐LIG) neural electrode arrays exhibiting high signal fidelity, markedly reduced impedance (up to 98.5% reduction), and long‐term in vivo stability (maintained signal quality for up to 4 weeks). The BiL‐LIG biosensors captured subtle movements and vital physiological signals, including heart rate and respiration, in human volunteers, non‐human primates, and rodents, while the IntE‐LIG electrodes enabled stable long‐term neural recordings in vivo. Integrating these devices yielded a flexible physiological‐electrophysiological monitoring system (PEMS) validated in a mouse model of epilepsy, which simultaneously tracked heart rate and neural activity during seizures and pharmacological intervention. This work establishes a scalable platform for multimodal bioelectronic integration, providing new opportunities for precise seizure detection and for advancing research into neuropsychiatric disorders and brain function.