Multiple drug resistance bacterial isolates and associated factors among urinary stone patients at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia

Abstract Background The urinary stone and urinary tract infection (UTI) are invariably associated and are frequent causes of morbidity. Date on burden of UTI among urinary stone patients is lacking in Ethiopia. This study was aimed to assess bacterial profile, antimicrobial susceptibility and associated factors among urinary stone patients at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. Methods An institution based cross sectional study was conducted. Basic sociodemographic data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Bacterial identification of uropathogens and drug susceptibility testing were done following standard microbiological techniques. The data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version-23. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to identify possible associated risk factors. Results with P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result A total of 300 urinary stone patients were enrolled. Of these, 153 (51%) were male and 261(87%) were urban residents. The overall prevalence of urinary tract infection was 49 (16.3%) (95% CI 12–21%). A high level of resistance was observed to ampicillin, penicillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole while majority of isolates were most sensitive to nitrofurantoin and ciprofloxacin. Multi-drug resistant isolates were 16/49 (32.7%), 75% of them being Enterobacteriaceae isolates. More than one-third 9/26 (34.6%) of Gram-negative isolates were Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae. Being female, history of urinary tract infection and history of drug use were the independent risk factors. Conclusion Most of the bacterial isolates from urinary stone patients were resistant to ampicillin, penicillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. E. coli and K. pneumoniae were the most common extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing isolates. Sex, history of urinary tract infection and previous drug use were found to be risk factors. Routine diagnosis of urinary stone patients for urinary tract infection should be promoted and further researches are encouraged.