Therapeutic Mechanism of Jeeraka Ghrita in the Healing of Agni Dagdha Vrana (Burn Wounds ): A Critical Review

Burn injuries (Agni Dagdha Vrana) are among the most painful and debilitating conditions, leading to tissue destruction, inflammation, and scarring. While modern medicine uses topical agents like silver sulfadiazine, these often delay epithelialization and may cause pigmentation or contracture. Ayurveda provides holistic management through Ghrita Kalpana, particularly Jeeraka Ghrita, described in Bhaishajya Ratnavali for Dagdha Vrana Chikitsa. This formulation comprises Jeeraka (Cuminum cyminum), Ghrita (clarified butter), Rala (Vateria indica resin), Moma (beeswax). Ayurvedically, it pacifies aggravated Pitta and Rakta doshas, relieves Daha (burning) and Shoola (pain), and promotes Vrana Shodhana and Ropana (wound cleansing and healing). Pharmacologically, the ingredients exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and collagen-stimulating properties that accelerate epithelialization and minimize scarring. The Snigdha and Sheeta Guna of Ghrita and Moma maintain moisture and soothe tissues, while Jeeraka enhances circulation and prevents infection. Rala contributes to tissue regeneration through its flavonoid and phenolic content. Thus, Jeeraka Ghrita acts synergistically at every stage of burn healing—reducing inflammation, promoting granulation, and ensuring tissue remodeling. This review reaffirms its efficacy as a traditional yet scientifically plausible formulation for managing second-degree burns, bridging classical Ayurvedic wisdom with modern wound-healing science.