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A Survey Non-Terrestrial Networks in 6G/ 7G Smart Network for 2035+ and Beyond

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3GPP TR 38.821, “Solutions for NR to support non-terrestrial networks (NTN),” Release 16, Jan. 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.3gpp.org/. P. K. Chowdhury, M. Atiquzzaman, W. Ivancic, “Handover Schemes in Satellite Networks: State-of-the-Art and Future Research Directions,” in IEEE Communications Survey & Tutorials, 2006. P. Chini, G. Giambene, S. Kota, “A survey on mobile satellite systems,” in International Journal of Satellite Communications, Aug. 2009. V. Sharma and K. Nayanam, “ Sixth Generation (6G) to the Waying Seventh (7G)Wireless Communication Visions and Standards, Challenges, Applications”, International Journal of Advanced Research in Science & Technology, vol. 13, no. (2), pp. 1248-1255, Feb. 2024. https://doi.org/10.62226/ijarst20241319 N. Anand, P. Raj, S. Shivam and V. Sharma, "A Layer based Aspect of the Security Issues in Internet of Things: An Analytical Survey," 2025 International Conference on Intelligent and Secure Engineering Solutions (CISES), Greater Noida Gautam Budh Nagar, India, 2025, pp. 34-40, https://doi.org/10.1109/CISES66934.2025.11265603 V. Sharma, K Nayanam Implementation of Enhanced Energy Detector in Cluster Based Multistage Relaying Cooperative Spectrum Sensing International Research Journal of Advanced Engineering and Science volume 9 issue 1 page 11. Vatsala sharma “Optimization of Performance of Cooperative Spectrum Sensing in Mobile Cognitive Radio Networks", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349- 5162, Vol.10, Issue 4, page no.b579-b583, April-2023, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2304169.pdf Ericsson, “Streaming video - from megabits to gigabytes,” Ericsson Mobil- ity Report, Nov. 2018. 3GPP TR 38.811, “Study on New Radio (NR) to support non terrestrial networks,” Release 15, Oct. 2019. [Online]. Available: https://www.3gpp. org/. Sharma, V., Joshi, S. (2021). Real-Time Implementation of Enhanced Energy-Based Detection Technique. Proceedings of the International Conference on Paradigms of Computing, Communication and Data Sciences. Anand, N., Singh, K.J. (2023). An Overview on Security and Privacy Concerns in IoT-Based Smart Environments. In: Rao, U.P., Alazab, M., Gohil, B.N., Chelliah, P.R. (eds) Security, Privacy and Data Analytics. ISPDA 2022. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, vol 1049. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-3569-7_21 V. Sharma and S. Joshi, "A Literature Review on Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio Applications," 2018 Second International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Control Systems (ICICCS), Madurai, India, 2018, pp. 883-893, doi: 10.1109/ICCONS.2018.8663089. V. Sharma,K Nayanam A Reliable Optimal Hybrid Spectrum Sensing Algorithm with Hardware Impairments for Cognitive Radio Network SSRG International Journal of Mobile Computing and Application Volume 11 Issue 1, 1-8, Jan-Apr 2024 ISSN: 2393–9141 / https://doi:10.14445/23939141/IJMCA-V11I1P101 © 2024 Seventh Sense Research Group Sharma, V., Joshi, S. (2021). Design of Hybrid Blind Detection Based Spectrum Sensing Technique. Journal of Scientific Research, 2020, Vol 12, Issue 4, p575. Academic Journal. https://doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v12i4.46870. Kamal Nayanam, and Vatsala Sharma, “Cognitive Radio Based Enhanced Compressive Spectrum Sensing Technique For 5g Adhoc Networks,” International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology (IJERT), vol. 13, no. 2, 2024. Anand, N., Singh, K.J. (2024). A Comprehensive Study of DDoS Attack on Internet of Things Network. In: Swain, B.P., Dixit, U.S. (eds) Recent Advances in Electrical and Electronic Engineering. ICSTE 2023. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, vol 1071. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-4713-3_56 V. Sharma and S. Joshi, "Design of Energy Detection based Multistage Sensing Technique," 2020 “Journal of Scientific Research “India , 2020, DOI:10.37398/JSR.2020.640255 Nitin Anand, Vatsala Sharma, Pardeep Singh (2025); ETL and Data Warehousing: Architecture, Vulnerabilities, and Security Mechanisms; International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications (IJSRP) 15(10) (ISSN: 2250-3153), DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.29322/IJSRP.15.10.2025.p16612 Anand, P. S. N. (2014). Framework for The Integrated And Validated Model of Data Warehouse. American Journal of Engineering Research (AJER), e-ISSN, 2320-0847. P.-D. Arapoglou, K. Liolis, M. Bertinelli, A. Panagopoulos, P. Cottis, and R. De Gaudenzi, “MIMO over satellite: A review,” in IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 2011. M. De Sanctis, E. Cianca, G. Araniti, I. Bisio, R. Prasad, “Satellite Com- munications Supporting Internet of Remote Things,” in IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 2016. M. El Jaafari, N. Chuberre, S. Anjuere, and L. Combelles, “Introduction to the 3GPP-defined NTN standard: A comprehensive view on the 3GPP work on NTN,” International Journal of Satellite Communications and Networking, vol. n/a, no. n/a. [Online]. Available: https://onlinelibrary. wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/sat.1471 G. Masini, P. Reininger, M. El Jaafari, A. Vesely, N. Chuberre, B. Baudry, and J.-M. Houssin, “5G meets satellite: Non-terrestrial network architecture and 3GPP,” International Journal of Satellite Communications and Networking, vol. n/a, no. n/a. [Online]. Available: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/sat.1456. K. Shafique, B. A. Khawaja, F. Sabir, S. Qazi, and M. Mustaqim, “Internet of things (iot) for next-generation smart systems: A review of current challenges, future trends and prospects for emerging 5g-iot scenarios,” Ieee Access, vol. 8, pp. 23 022–23 040, 2020. M. Shafi, A. F. Molisch, P. J. Smith, T. Haustein, P. Zhu, P. De Silva, F. Tufvesson, A. Benjebbour, and G. Wunder, “5g: A tutorial overview of standards, trials, challenges, deployment, and practice,” IEEE journal on selected areas in communications, vol. 35, no. 6, pp. 1201–1221, 2017. Y. Wang, C. Yang, Z. Ren, Y. Sun, and M. Peng, “Sensing-aided hybrid precoding for efficient terahertz wideband communications in multiuser high-data-rate iot,” IEEE Internet of Things Journal, vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 8253–8267, 2024. H. Lu, Y. Zeng, C. You, Y. Han, J. Zhang, Z. Wang, Z. Dong, S. Jin, C.-X. Wang, T. Jiang, X. You, and R. Zhang, “A tutorial on near-field xl-mimo communications toward 6g,” IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials, vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 2213–2257, 2024. T. Mao, Z. Zhou, Z. Xiao, C. Han, and Z. Wang, “Index-modulation-aided terahertz communications with reconfigurable intelligent surface,” IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 23, no. 7, pp. 8059–8070, 2024. S. Mahboob and L. Liu, “Revolutionizing future connectivity: A contemporary survey on ai-empowered satellite-based non-terrestrial networks in 6g,” IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 1279–1321, 2024. A Chougule, V. Chamola, A. Sam, F. R. Yu, and B. Sikdar, “A comprehensive review on limitations of autonomous driving and its impact on accidents and collisions,” IEEE Open Journal of Vehicular Technology, vol. 5, pp. 142–161, 2023. M. Agiwal, A. Roy, and N. Saxena, “Next generation 5g wireless networks: A comprehensive survey,” IEEE communications surveys & tutorials, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 1617–1655, 2016. V. Hassija, V. Saxena, and V. Chamola, “A mobile data offloading framework based on a combination of blockchain and virtual voting,” Software: Practice and Experience, vol. 51, no. 12, pp. 2428–2445, 2021. S. C. Yang, “Mobile applications and 4g wireless networks: a framework for analysis,” Campus-Wide Information Systems, vol. 29, no. 5, pp. 344–357, 2012. A Agarwal and K. Agarwal, “The next generation mobile wireless cellular networks–4g and beyond,” American Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 92–97, 2014. G. Bansal, V. Chamola, A. Hussain, M. Guizani, and D. Niyato, “Transforming conversations with ai—a comprehensive study of chatgpt,” Cognitive Computation, vol. 16, no. 5, pp. 2487–2510, 2024. V. Hassija, G. Bansal, V. Chamola, V. Saxena, and B. Sikdar, “Blockcom: A blockchain based commerce model for smart communities using auction mechanism,” in 2019 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops). IEEE, 2019, pp. 1–6. V. Sharma, K. Nayanam, S. Shukla, and N. Bhatia, “Design of Energy Efficient ALU on FPGA,” International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Management (IJAEM), vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 5–10, 2008. V. Sharma, “Arduino Based Smart Water Management,” International Journal of Engineering Research and, vol. V9, no. 08, Sep. 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.17577/ijertv9is080239 ITU FG-NET-2030, “Network 2030 A Blueprint of Technology, Ap- plications and Market Drivers Towards the Year 2030 and Beyond,” in ITU White Papers, 2003. [Online]. Available: https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-T/ focusgroups/net2030/Documents/White_Paper.pdf M. Mozaffari, A. T. Z. Kasgari, W. Saad, M. Bennis, and M. Deb- bah,“Beyond 5G with UAVs: Foundations of a 3D Wireless Cellular Net- work,” in IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 2019. Nayanam K. and Sharma V., “TOWARDS ARCHITECTING RESEARCH PERSPECTIVE FUTURE SCOPE WITH CHAT GPT,” Jul. 2024. [Google Scholar] A survey on Smart Railway Track Fault Detection Using IOT Sharma, V. and Nayanam, K., “Sixth generation (6G) to the waying seventh ( 7 G ) wireless communication visions and standards, challenges, applications,” International Journal of Advanced Research in Science & Technology, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 1248–1255, 2024.CrossRef Google Scholar
Title: A Survey Non-Terrestrial Networks in 6G/ 7G Smart Network for 2035+ and Beyond
Description:
3GPP TR 38.
821, “Solutions for NR to support non-terrestrial networks (NTN),” Release 16, Jan.
2020.
[Online].
Available: https://www.
3gpp.
org/.
P.
K.
Chowdhury, M.
Atiquzzaman, W.
Ivancic, “Handover Schemes in Satellite Networks: State-of-the-Art and Future Research Directions,” in IEEE Communications Survey & Tutorials, 2006.
P.
Chini, G.
Giambene, S.
Kota, “A survey on mobile satellite systems,” in International Journal of Satellite Communications, Aug.
2009.
V.
Sharma and K.
Nayanam, “ Sixth Generation (6G) to the Waying Seventh (7G)Wireless Communication Visions and Standards, Challenges, Applications”, International Journal of Advanced Research in Science & Technology, vol.
13, no.
(2), pp.
1248-1255, Feb.
2024.
https://doi.
org/10.
62226/ijarst20241319 N.
Anand, P.
Raj, S.
Shivam and V.
Sharma, "A Layer based Aspect of the Security Issues in Internet of Things: An Analytical Survey," 2025 International Conference on Intelligent and Secure Engineering Solutions (CISES), Greater Noida Gautam Budh Nagar, India, 2025, pp.
34-40, https://doi.
org/10.
1109/CISES66934.
2025.
11265603 V.
Sharma, K Nayanam Implementation of Enhanced Energy Detector in Cluster Based Multistage Relaying Cooperative Spectrum Sensing International Research Journal of Advanced Engineering and Science volume 9 issue 1 page 11.
Vatsala sharma “Optimization of Performance of Cooperative Spectrum Sensing in Mobile Cognitive Radio Networks", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.
jetir.
org), ISSN:2349- 5162, Vol.
10, Issue 4, page no.
b579-b583, April-2023, Available :http://www.
jetir.
org/papers/JETIR2304169.
pdf Ericsson, “Streaming video - from megabits to gigabytes,” Ericsson Mobil- ity Report, Nov.
2018.
3GPP TR 38.
811, “Study on New Radio (NR) to support non terrestrial networks,” Release 15, Oct.
2019.
[Online].
Available: https://www.
3gpp.
org/.
Sharma, V.
, Joshi, S.
(2021).
Real-Time Implementation of Enhanced Energy-Based Detection Technique.
Proceedings of the International Conference on Paradigms of Computing, Communication and Data Sciences.
Anand, N.
, Singh, K.
J.
(2023).
An Overview on Security and Privacy Concerns in IoT-Based Smart Environments.
In: Rao, U.
P.
, Alazab, M.
, Gohil, B.
N.
, Chelliah, P.
R.
(eds) Security, Privacy and Data Analytics.
ISPDA 2022.
Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, vol 1049.
Springer, Singapore.
https://doi.
org/10.
1007/978-981-99-3569-7_21 V.
Sharma and S.
Joshi, "A Literature Review on Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio Applications," 2018 Second International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Control Systems (ICICCS), Madurai, India, 2018, pp.
883-893, doi: 10.
1109/ICCONS.
2018.
8663089.
V.
Sharma,K Nayanam A Reliable Optimal Hybrid Spectrum Sensing Algorithm with Hardware Impairments for Cognitive Radio Network SSRG International Journal of Mobile Computing and Application Volume 11 Issue 1, 1-8, Jan-Apr 2024 ISSN: 2393–9141 / https://doi:10.
14445/23939141/IJMCA-V11I1P101 © 2024 Seventh Sense Research Group Sharma, V.
, Joshi, S.
(2021).
Design of Hybrid Blind Detection Based Spectrum Sensing Technique.
Journal of Scientific Research, 2020, Vol 12, Issue 4, p575.
Academic Journal.
https://doi.
org/10.
3329/jsr.
v12i4.
46870.
Kamal Nayanam, and Vatsala Sharma, “Cognitive Radio Based Enhanced Compressive Spectrum Sensing Technique For 5g Adhoc Networks,” International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology (IJERT), vol.
13, no.
2, 2024.
Anand, N.
, Singh, K.
J.
(2024).
A Comprehensive Study of DDoS Attack on Internet of Things Network.
In: Swain, B.
P.
, Dixit, U.
S.
(eds) Recent Advances in Electrical and Electronic Engineering.
ICSTE 2023.
Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, vol 1071.
Springer, Singapore.
https://doi.
org/10.
1007/978-981-99-4713-3_56 V.
Sharma and S.
Joshi, "Design of Energy Detection based Multistage Sensing Technique," 2020 “Journal of Scientific Research “India , 2020, DOI:10.
37398/JSR.
2020.
640255 Nitin Anand, Vatsala Sharma, Pardeep Singh (2025); ETL and Data Warehousing: Architecture, Vulnerabilities, and Security Mechanisms; International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications (IJSRP) 15(10) (ISSN: 2250-3153), DOI: http://dx.
doi.
org/10.
29322/IJSRP.
15.
10.
2025.
p16612 Anand, P.
S.
N.
(2014).
Framework for The Integrated And Validated Model of Data Warehouse.
American Journal of Engineering Research (AJER), e-ISSN, 2320-0847.
P.
-D.
Arapoglou, K.
Liolis, M.
Bertinelli, A.
Panagopoulos, P.
Cottis, and R.
De Gaudenzi, “MIMO over satellite: A review,” in IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 2011.
M.
De Sanctis, E.
Cianca, G.
Araniti, I.
Bisio, R.
Prasad, “Satellite Com- munications Supporting Internet of Remote Things,” in IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 2016.
M.
El Jaafari, N.
Chuberre, S.
Anjuere, and L.
Combelles, “Introduction to the 3GPP-defined NTN standard: A comprehensive view on the 3GPP work on NTN,” International Journal of Satellite Communications and Networking, vol.
n/a, no.
n/a.
[Online].
Available: https://onlinelibrary.
wiley.
com/doi/abs/10.
1002/sat.
1471 G.
Masini, P.
Reininger, M.
El Jaafari, A.
Vesely, N.
Chuberre, B.
Baudry, and J.
-M.
Houssin, “5G meets satellite: Non-terrestrial network architecture and 3GPP,” International Journal of Satellite Communications and Networking, vol.
n/a, no.
n/a.
[Online].
Available: https://onlinelibrary.
wiley.
com/doi/abs/10.
1002/sat.
1456.
K.
Shafique, B.
A.
Khawaja, F.
Sabir, S.
Qazi, and M.
Mustaqim, “Internet of things (iot) for next-generation smart systems: A review of current challenges, future trends and prospects for emerging 5g-iot scenarios,” Ieee Access, vol.
8, pp.
23 022–23 040, 2020.
M.
Shafi, A.
F.
Molisch, P.
J.
Smith, T.
Haustein, P.
Zhu, P.
De Silva, F.
Tufvesson, A.
Benjebbour, and G.
Wunder, “5g: A tutorial overview of standards, trials, challenges, deployment, and practice,” IEEE journal on selected areas in communications, vol.
35, no.
6, pp.
1201–1221, 2017.
Y.
Wang, C.
Yang, Z.
Ren, Y.
Sun, and M.
Peng, “Sensing-aided hybrid precoding for efficient terahertz wideband communications in multiuser high-data-rate iot,” IEEE Internet of Things Journal, vol.
11, no.
5, pp.
8253–8267, 2024.
H.
Lu, Y.
Zeng, C.
You, Y.
Han, J.
Zhang, Z.
Wang, Z.
Dong, S.
Jin, C.
-X.
Wang, T.
Jiang, X.
You, and R.
Zhang, “A tutorial on near-field xl-mimo communications toward 6g,” IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials, vol.
26, no.
4, pp.
2213–2257, 2024.
T.
Mao, Z.
Zhou, Z.
Xiao, C.
Han, and Z.
Wang, “Index-modulation-aided terahertz communications with reconfigurable intelligent surface,” IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol.
23, no.
7, pp.
8059–8070, 2024.
S.
Mahboob and L.
Liu, “Revolutionizing future connectivity: A contemporary survey on ai-empowered satellite-based non-terrestrial networks in 6g,” IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials, vol.
26, no.
2, pp.
1279–1321, 2024.
A Chougule, V.
Chamola, A.
Sam, F.
R.
Yu, and B.
Sikdar, “A comprehensive review on limitations of autonomous driving and its impact on accidents and collisions,” IEEE Open Journal of Vehicular Technology, vol.
5, pp.
142–161, 2023.
M.
Agiwal, A.
Roy, and N.
Saxena, “Next generation 5g wireless networks: A comprehensive survey,” IEEE communications surveys & tutorials, vol.
18, no.
3, pp.
1617–1655, 2016.
V.
Hassija, V.
Saxena, and V.
Chamola, “A mobile data offloading framework based on a combination of blockchain and virtual voting,” Software: Practice and Experience, vol.
51, no.
12, pp.
2428–2445, 2021.
S.
C.
Yang, “Mobile applications and 4g wireless networks: a framework for analysis,” Campus-Wide Information Systems, vol.
29, no.
5, pp.
344–357, 2012.
A Agarwal and K.
Agarwal, “The next generation mobile wireless cellular networks–4g and beyond,” American Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, vol.
2, no.
3, pp.
92–97, 2014.
G.
Bansal, V.
Chamola, A.
Hussain, M.
Guizani, and D.
Niyato, “Transforming conversations with ai—a comprehensive study of chatgpt,” Cognitive Computation, vol.
16, no.
5, pp.
2487–2510, 2024.
V.
Hassija, G.
Bansal, V.
Chamola, V.
Saxena, and B.
Sikdar, “Blockcom: A blockchain based commerce model for smart communities using auction mechanism,” in 2019 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops).
IEEE, 2019, pp.
1–6.
V.
Sharma, K.
Nayanam, S.
Shukla, and N.
Bhatia, “Design of Energy Efficient ALU on FPGA,” International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Management (IJAEM), vol.
2, no.
2, pp.
5–10, 2008.
V.
Sharma, “Arduino Based Smart Water Management,” International Journal of Engineering Research and, vol.
V9, no.
08, Sep.
2020, doi: https://doi.
org/10.
17577/ijertv9is080239 ITU FG-NET-2030, “Network 2030 A Blueprint of Technology, Ap- plications and Market Drivers Towards the Year 2030 and Beyond,” in ITU White Papers, 2003.
[Online].
Available: https://www.
itu.
int/en/ITU-T/ focusgroups/net2030/Documents/White_Paper.
pdf M.
Mozaffari, A.
T.
Z.
Kasgari, W.
Saad, M.
Bennis, and M.
Deb- bah,“Beyond 5G with UAVs: Foundations of a 3D Wireless Cellular Net- work,” in IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 2019.
Nayanam K.
and Sharma V.
, “TOWARDS ARCHITECTING RESEARCH PERSPECTIVE FUTURE SCOPE WITH CHAT GPT,” Jul.
2024.
[Google Scholar] A survey on Smart Railway Track Fault Detection Using IOT Sharma, V.
and Nayanam, K.
, “Sixth generation (6G) to the waying seventh ( 7 G ) wireless communication visions and standards, challenges, applications,” International Journal of Advanced Research in Science & Technology, vol.
13, no.
2, pp.
1248–1255, 2024.
CrossRef Google Scholar.

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