Self-Locking Kirigami Surfaces via Controlled Stretching

Abstract Kirigami provides a powerful strategy to transform two-dimensional elements into complex three-dimensional functional structures with lengths ranging from nanoscale to microscale and macroscale. The stability of mechanically induced forming three-dimensional structures using external or self-balancing actuation is crucial. The applicability of the actuator method to the modularity and programmability of the kirigami element is also a key issue in the forming process. Here, we offer a three-dimensional self-locking element forming pattern achieved by in-plane tension and release, manifested as a combination behavior of out-plane popping and rotation. The range of geometric parameters for kirigami elements with different stability properties is determined theoretically. And the in-plane tension conditions are also calculated to break the transition point of the forming process. The horizontal and vertical modular array analysis demonstrates the scalability and programmability from the self-locking elements to the kirigami surfaces. We expect that the kirigami pattern and design approach will serve for innovative systems, including tunable antennas, flexible electronics, and medical devices.