Leaf senescence-associated genes and transcriptional changes under dark conditions

Abstract Background Leaf senescence is a highly regulated and complex process that can be triggered by dark conditions, as demonstrated in various studies. Dark-induced leaf senescence resembles natural senescence by triggering typical symptoms such as protein degradation and chlorophyll loss. Transcription factors have been recognized as key modulators of dark-induced senescence and are associated with plant hormones such as cytokinins, ethylene, gibberellins and jasmonic acid. Treatments with cytokinins and gibberellins can delay leaf senescence caused by darkness. Scope This review aimed to collect information regarding the biochemical, physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying senescence induced by dark incubation. The main variations that occur during leaf senescence are highlighted and discussed. Specific genes associated with dark-induced senescence and related metabolic pathways are described. Conclusions This study highlights the intricate nature of the senescence process and explores how genetic and environmental factors can be manipulated to slow down or prevent senescence. These insights have significant implications for improving crop productivity, extending product shelf life and enhancing vase life of cut flowers.