The use of anise during the perinatal period: A modern study in Cypriot women

Background: Herbal medicine has played a significant role in women's health, particularly in treating conditions such as menorrhea, postpartum issues, pregnancy-related ailments, birth control, and childbirth. During pregnancy, herbal medications are commonly used to manage symptoms like vomiting, nausea, and vaginal infections, and to facilitate labor. Anise is considered probably safe during pregnancy when consumed in amounts typically found in food. However, there is limited reliable information on the safety of anise when taken in medicinal amounts during pregnancy. Aim: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of alternative medicine (AM) use, specifically focusing on the effects of anise in pregnant and breastfeeding women. Additionally, the study assessed the effectiveness and side effects of anise and the behavior and experiences of pregnant and breastfeeding women regarding its use. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among women of childbearing age in a specific region of Cyprus. Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire administered through a 30-minute face-to-face interview. Ethical approval was obtained from the Cyprus National Bioethics Committee. The study spanned three months in 2022 (July to September). Data were analyzed using SPSS software, with descriptive values expressed as numbers (n), percentages (%), means (mean), standard deviations (SD), and medians (median). Results: Of the 218 women initially approached, 200 consented to participate, yielding a participation rate of 91.74%. The mean age of the participants was 31.45 years (SEM 1.483, range 19–44 years). On average, 51% of women reported using herbs during pregnancy, while 49% did not. Herb use to induce childbirth was higher at 60.5% compared to 51% during pregnancy. For newborns, 60.5% of participants used herbs externally, whereas 39.5% did not. Regarding the benefits of herbal baths for newborns' skin, 34% agreed, 0.5% disagreed, and 65.5% had no knowledge. Among women using anise before, during, and after pregnancy, 47% used it for abdominal colic, while 4% used it as an absorbent. Conclusion: The use of plant medicines is prevalent among women during pregnancy, labor, the puerperium, and breastfeeding. The findings underscore the need for educational programs targeted at healthcare professionals, pregnant and breastfeeding women, and the general public on the appropriate use of herbal medicines during antenatal and peripartum periods, breastfeeding, and infant care.