PREVALENCE OF MAXILOFACIAL ABNORMALITIES AMONG CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS IN UZHGOROD

The article presents a comparative analysis of maxillofacial abnormalities in children and adolescents in Uzhhorod. There is a tendency to increase maxillofacial anomalies depending on the age of the patient. It was established that the smallest number of anomalies is observed in children with a temporary bite, and the largest – in children with a permanent bite. In the conditions of a high level of orthodontic morbidity in the population, the purposeful reduction of the level of pathology and solving the problems of improving orthodontic care for children become especially relevant. Data on the prevalence and structure of maxillofacial anomalies and dentition defects determine the indications for treatment and the scope of treatment and prevention measures in the region. Purpose and task. To study the prevalence of maxillofacial anomalies in children of Uzhgorod in order to determine the scope of treatment and prevention measures. Materials and research methods. The total number of examined patients is 946 children aged 6 to 18, including 447 boys and 499 girls. According to the stages of bite formation of temporary and permanent teeth, the examined children were divided into 4 age groups: 6-9 years early variable bite; 10-12 years late variable bite; 13-15 years the beginning of formation of the bite of permanent teeth: 16-18 years permanent bite 6-9 years early mixed eruption of teeth; 10-12 years late mixed teething; 13-15 years the beginning of the formation of the bite of permanent teeth: 16-18 years the permanent dentition. Statistical data processing was performed on a personal computer using licensed software for the Windows operating system and the standard Statsoft software package. Inc STATISTICA 6.0 2300 East 14th Street Tulsa, OK 74104 USA. The Student's t-test value was used to determine the reliability of the difference in results. Results of the research. The study revealed a high prevalence of dento-maxillary anomalies, reaching 47.1%. The highest need for orthodontic treatment was observed in 16-18 year olds. The most common pathologies were diastema (15.1%), crowding of lower jaw teeth (14.9%), dystopia (12.7%), deep bite (11.4%), crowding of teeth on both jaws (5.9%), crowding of upper jaw teeth (5.3%), tortoamalia (4.0%), progeny (3.2%), cross bite (2.2%), open bite (1.9%), abnormalities in tooth size and shape (1.8%), and prognathia (1.2%). Conclusion. The study revealed a high prevalence of dental mandibular anomalies (47.1%) among children aged 6 to 18 years in Uzhhorod. Therefore, there is a need to expand sanitary and educational efforts, including promoting a healthy lifestyle and early detection and treatment of dental mandibular anomalies.