Effects of different interventions on microgravity-induced bone loss

Abstract The ongoing advancement of aerospace technology globally offers technical support for human exploration of outer space. Nevertheless, astronauts encounter microgravity environments during their missions in outer space, which significantly affects the functionality of various physiological systems, including the skeletal, muscular and immune systems. Among them, microgravity-induced bone loss is particularly severe. Bone loss markedly elevates the risk of osteoporosis and fractures, presenting a substantial obstacle to astronauts’ ability to perform tasks in the space environment and maintain their physical health. Consequently, implementing scientifically grounded preventive and therapeutic measures is essential for mitigating microgravity-induced bone loss. Currently, numerous intervention strategies have been demonstrated to effectively address microgravity-induced bone loss, such as pharmacological treatment, nutritional supplementation, and exercise intervention. However, the efficacy of these interventions varies, and some may result in adverse effects. Therefore, this narrative review analyzes and summarizes the effects of various interventions on bone loss caused by microgravity, aiming to provide a scientific theoretical basis for determining the optimal intervention strategy.