Exploring cancer patients' experiences and acceptability of Traditional Chinese Medicine techniques: a qualitative study

Abstract Background The effectiveness of Traditional Chinese Medicine techniques in managing cancer symptoms is gaining increasing recognition. However, acceptance among cancer patients remains imbalanced globally. Researchers have begun focusing on how patients' subjective perceptions influence their acceptance, mostly through quantitative surveys. Yet, no studies have deeply explored cancer patients' subjective experiences and feelings during the use of these techniques, or how cultural and social factors influence acceptance. This study aims to explore the factors affecting cancer patients' acceptance of Traditional Chinese Medicine techniques, based on their experiences, to support broader application. Methods A descriptive qualitative approach was used to explore the experiences of cancer patients. Face-to-face, semi-structured, and in-depth individual interviews were conducted in three tertiary hospitals in southeastern China from March to May 2023. Purposive and differential sampling was used to select eligible participants. Inductive thematic analysis was used to analyze qualitative data and identify categories and subcategories. This study followed the COREQ guidelines. Results Three key themes involving nine sub-themes emerged. (1) Varied experiences of efficacy result in different levels of acceptance. Clear effects and overall comfort promote acceptance, while unmet expectations diminish it. The conflict between rapid relief and the required treatment duration of Traditional Chinese Medicine techniques also restricts acceptance. (2) Progressive trust promotes acceptance of Traditional Chinese Medicine techniques, as internal motivation based on cultural identity and external support from professional guidance, along with suggestions from family and peers, reinforce patients' trust and acceptance. (3) The actual encounter hinders the acceptance of Traditional Chinese Medicine techniques, as insufficient publicity in the modern healthcare environment, uneven technical levels among practitioners and institutions, and financial and time pressures all restrict patients' acceptance. Conclusion This study describes the complex experiences of cancer patients receiving Traditional Chinese Medicine techniques and determines the influence of their experiences on the acceptance of these techniques. These insights guide clinical practice, policy development, and future research, promoting the use of Traditional Chinese Medicine techniques in cancer treatment. Trial registration: Not applicable.