Elastin is Related to Functions of Melanocytes in Normal and Abnormal Skin

Context: Functions of melanocytes are supported by many growth factors and cytokines derived from epidermal and dermal cells, especially keratinocytes and fibroblasts. In addition to these skin cells, elastin fibers are thought to be important for regulating melanocyte functions in normal and abnormal skin. However, the role of elastin has not been fully investigated. Recently, the research on the role of elastin in melanocyte functions has greatly increased even in human skin, whereas no full review article on this subject has been presented so far. Thus, the author tried to present a complete review article on this subject in animals and humans. Methods: The author searched the literature on elastin and melanocytes in research databases. Results: Elastin fibers can affect the normal functions of melanoblasts/melanocytes in animals and humans. Moreover, elastin fibers influence melanocyte functions in abnormal skin. In vitiliginous skin, where melanin and melanoblasts/melanocytes are completely lost, elastin fibers are dramatically reduced. However, elastin fibers are completely restored or even increased in the dermis of repigmented skin after phototherapy and/or skin transplantation. Moreover, elastin fibers penetrate the basement membrane of repigmented skin, suggesting a direct contact between dermal elastin fibers and epidermal melanoblasts/melanocytes. Conclusions: Elastin/elastin fibers may control the functions of mammalian melanocytes in normal and abnormal skin.