Resistance to Oxyimino-Cephalosporins via ESBLs Enzyme Production in Klebsiella pneumoniae Strains Isolated from Urine Samples at the Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Center (CERBA), Burkina Faso

β-lactam antibiotics represent the most widely developed and utilized class of antimicrobials globally. However, the increasing resistance to these antibiotics primarily among Gram-negative bacteria such as Klebsiella pneumoniae poses a significant public health concern. The most commonly observed resistance mechanism involves the enzymatic inactivation of β-lactams by β-lactamases, which hydrolyze the β-lactam ring. The objective of this study was to investigate resistance to oxyimino-cephalosporins (ceftazidime [CAZ], ceftriaxone [CRO], and cefotaxime [CTX]) through the production of β-lactamase enzymes (SHV, TEM, CTX-M) in K. pneumoniae strains isolated from urine samples, and to assess potential correlations between these resistance enzymes and specific antibiotics. A total of 23 K. pneumoniae urinary isolates were collected at the Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Center (CERBA) for bacteriological and molecular analysis. Resistance rates to CTX, CRO, and CAZ were found to be 66.67%,53.33%,33.33% respectively. Molecular analysis revealed a predominance of the TEM gene, detected in 50% of the isolates. Correlation analysis demonstrated a positive association between the presence of TEM and resistance to CAZ and CTX, as well as a positive correlation between CTX-M and CRO, indicating the involvement of these enzymes in antibiotic resistance. This study highlights resistance patterns and the distribution of resistance genes among the isolates, providing valuable insights for guiding therapeutic strategies and strengthening epidemiological surveillance.