Path analysis of factors influencing oral health-related quality of life in older hospitalized patients: A cross-sectional survey

Abstract Background: Oral health is a critical aspect of overall well-being, particularly in older hospitalized patients. Oral-health problems in this population are a concern in China and worldwide. There has been an increased interest in measuring the effects of oral conditions and therapeutic alternatives on oral health-related quality of life. We aimed to determine which oral-health status and variables affect oral health-related quality of life in older hospitalized patients. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 214 older inpatients by using the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 and the Oral Health Assessment Tool. We conducted a path analysis using AMOS software, informed by the Andersen oral-health outcome model, along with a correlation analysis to identify the factors influencing oral health-related quality of life. Results: Both tests were inversely associated. Oral self-care efficacy, number of existing teeth, and oral-health status modulated the oral health-related quality of life. Conclusions. There are many inter-related variables affecting oral health-related quality of life in older hospitalized patients. Nurses should prioritize health education to improve patients’ oral-health awareness, beliefs, and self-care efficacy and emphasize the prevention of harmful oral habits. Additionally, timely interventions addressing the oral-health status, including tooth preservation and treatment, can significantly enhance patients’ quality of life. Further research regarding the social and cultural factors influencing oral health-related quality of life is necessary.