Biodiversity of Medicinal Plants in The Central Kalimantan Forest Indonesia: A Call for Conservation Programs

Medicinal plants are one of the essential ecosystem services provided by Indonesia's tropical forests. However, threats such as deforestation, forest degradation, climate change, and overharvesting jeopardize the existence of medicinal plants. This study aims to examine the diversity of medicinal plant species in three village forests in Central Kalimantan. The identification of medicinal plant species, including their local names, growth forms, and the number of individuals, was conducted using observation plots. Analysis was performed by calculating the Species Diversity Index, Species Richness Index, and Species Evenness Index. This research identified 69 species and 650 medicinal plant individuals. The study found that the diversity, species richness, and evenness of medicinal plant types varied across locations. Two villages exhibited medium diversity and richness index values (H’= 2.47 – 2.87; R= 3.82 – 4.48), while only one village was classified as having high values (H’=3.07; R=6.81). The species evenness index in all three locations showed a high category (E=6.69 – 11.54). The medicinal plants utilized by the community were predominantly climbers, herbs, and trees. High diversity of medicinal plant species was found in forest areas protected by customary regulations. This research conclude that di diversity of medicinal plant categorized as medium-high, and there are sign of declining biodiversity. Therefore, conservation program is urgently needed and encourage relevant stakeholders to participate.