Psychoneuroimmunology

AbstractIn this chapter, we briefly introduce two major physiological systems that modulate immune function and then provide evidence for stress‐immune relationships in acute and chronic conditions. Next, we explore the psychosocial factors that may be important in moderating and mediating these relationships, including negative affect, social support, and interpersonal relationships. Finally, we review intervention strategies that may be beneficial in reducing the negative effects of stress on the immune system.Basic and applied psychoneuroimmunology research studies have provided an encouraging foundation for characterizing the links between psychosocial and immunological factors. The current knowledge of psychoneuroimmunology with respect to individual psychological differences, emotions, coping strategies, and interpersonal relationships has already had a significant impact on understanding the contribution that the psychosocial context has on immune function, health, and disease. The next wave of research will expand our knowledge of psychosocial factors and their role in the progression of immunologically mediated conditions, including HIV/AIDS, rheumatoid arthritis, certain cancers, and surgical recovery. From this knowledge, we can devise and implement effective interventions to enhance quality of life and improve health.