Abstract B050: STATE OF PROSTATE CANCER IN CAMEROON in 2025

Abstract • A. INTRODUCTION Cameroon is experiencing an increase in the prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases, including cancer, with an incidence of 20,745 new cases according to the Globocan statistics. The prevalence is 39,906 cases; the mortality rate is 13,199 cases. 80% of patients are diagnosed at advanced stages, resulting in a mortality rate exceeding 50%. • The main cancers registered in Cameroon are: 1. Breast cancer: (4,170 new cases, or 20.1%) 2. Cervical cancer: (2,770 new cases, or 13.4%) 3. Prostate cancer: (2,189 new cases, or 10.6%) 4. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma and other hematological malignancies: (1,638 new cases, or 7.9%) 5. Kaposi's sarcoma: (1,242 new cases, or 6%) 6. Liver cancer: (919 new cases) 7. Colorectal cancer: (832 new cases) 8. Pediatric cancers: (1% of all cancers). In its response plan, the government of the Republic has a National Strategic Plan. Cancer registries in general, and urogenital cancer registries in particular, are not operational. Nevertheless, our research team, with 30 years of experience, has established international collaborations with teams based in Europe and especially in the USA and Nigeria, notably the Prostate Cancer Translantic Consortium at the Moyo Clinic, Jacksonville, and Johns Hopkins University. Through this multifaceted collaboration, our research team has received several pilot grants from the National Cancer Institute and the US Department of Defense to study the genetics of cancers in African Americans. B. GENERAL OBJECTIVE To present the current state of prostate cancer in Cameroon in 2025 C.SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES 1. To review the epidemiology of cancers in Cameroon 2. To present the anatomoclinical aspects of prostate cancer 3. To advocate for prostate cancer registries within the IROMAN study, particularly the development of clinical trials D. Results In Cameroon 2,189 new cases of prostate cancer were recorded in 2025. It is the most common cancer in men. 75 percent of prostate cancer patients are between 45 and 50 years old. It represents 10.6% of all cancers recorded in this country, where 90 percent of cancer patients have never seen a physician because they die at the hands of traditional healers, without a biopsy. Only 50 percent of the Cameroonian population has access to a laboratory where PSA testing can be performed. This country of 30 million inhabitants has only 40 pathologists, among whom only one has received brief training on prostate cancer in the USA and can provide a reliable Gleason score; the others have never seen a radical prostatectomy specimen. Deaths from prostate cancer in Cameroon reached 940, or 0.52% of all deaths. The age-adjusted mortality rate is 29.36 per 100. E. CONCLUSION Prostate cancer is common in Cameroon, affecting increasingly younger patients, some of whom have family members in the USA. Hence the need to fund genetic studies on people of African descent who have emigrated to the USA. Citation Format: BLAISE NKEGOUM. STATE OF PROSTATE CANCER IN CAMEROON in 2025 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference in Cancer Research: Innovations in Prostate Cancer Research and Treatment; 2026 Jan 20-22; Philadelphia PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2026;86(2_Suppl):Abstract nr B050.