Antioxidant, antidiabetic, neuroprotective, and phytochemical evaluation of Chenopodium ambrosioides ethanol extract

Aim: Our goal in this work was to investigate Chenopodium ambrosioides bioactive profile as well as its in vitro antidiabetic, neuroprotective, and antioxidant properties. Methods: The antioxidant capacity of Chenopodium ambrosioides extracts (CAE) was assessed by using four complimentary tests: 2,2-diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenol) hydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) assays. α-Glucosidase, acetylcholinesterase, and butyrylcholinesterase inhibition assays were used to assess the antidiabetic and neuroprotective potential of CAE. Results: According to the assay findings, CAE exhibited considerable antioxidant activity and a high concentration of proanthocyanidins, flavonoids, tannins, and total phenols. CAE showed significant total antioxidant activity (EC50 106.51 µg/mL) in comparison to the ascorbic acid (EC50 76.34 µg/mL). There is no as such significant difference between the inhibitory effects of CAE towards α-glucosidase (IC50 27.5 µg/mL) in comparison to acarbose (IC50 39.3 µg/mL), however CAE showed considerable inhibition to acetylcholinesterase (IC50 29.3 µg/mL) and butyrylcholinesterase activity of (IC50 57.8 µg/mL) as compared to the standard drug galantamine (IC50 53.6 µg/mL). Conclusion: These results suggest that based on the antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory potential, CAE could be used as a natural remedy for the treatment of diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.