Influence of Alkali Oxide on the Characteristics of Copper Sodium-Borate Glass System

Melt quench copper sodium borate glass (75%H3BO3+(25-x)%Cu2O+x%Na2CO3) with x = 5,6,7,8,9,10 was made. Powdered samples were warmed at 300°C for 45 minutes to eliminate moisture, then melted at 950°C for three hours. After annealing at 250°C for 90 minutes, these specimens were polished smooth. We examined how sodium carbonate affects borate glass physical, dielectric, and electrical characteristics. Sample X-ray diffraction was measured using PAN analytical Empyrean diffractometer. XRD data shows the materials are very amorphous. Archimedes calculated density. As Na2CO3 concentration increases, density drops. The density fell from 2.56 to 2.05 g/cm3. Molar volume rose from 31.36 to 38.26 cm3/mole. The glass samples' dielectric characteristics were measured with a 20-Hz-1 MHz LCR meter. The dielectric constant and loss decreased at higher frequencies and peaked at lower applied electric field frequencies. However, AC conductivity was poor at low frequencies and increased with frequency. Electrical characteristics of glass samples at room temperature show linear I-V behavior. FTIR data shows intensity and vibrational band shifts owing to Na2CO3 replacing copper oxide. This modifies borate glass network, causing distinctive differences.