Overview of Factors Determining Sleep Quality in Hypertension Patients at Paniki Bawah Health Center, Manado City

Sleep quality is one of the important factors in maintaining the body's physiological balance, especially in individuals with hypertension. Poor-quality sleep can lead to increased sympathetic nerve activity and the secretion of stress hormones such as cortisol, which contribute to elevated blood pressure and worsen hypertension conditions. However, to date, research on factors affecting sleep quality in hypertension patients at the primary healthcare level, such as community health centers (Puskesmas), is still limited. This study aims to describe the factors that influence sleep quality in hypertension patients in the working area of Paniki Bawah Community Health Center, Manado City. This study uses a descriptive quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design, conducted from March to June 2025. The research variables include demographic characteristics (age, gender, education, occupation, and income) as well as determinants of sleep quality such as Body mass index (BMI), stress levels, coffee consumption, smoking habits, alcohol consumption, use of sleeping pills, sleep schedule, use of electronic devices, and television-watching habits before bedtime. Data collection was carried out using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire to measure sleep quality, the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) to assess stress levels, as well as additional questionnaires regarding lifestyle and sleep habits. Out of 67 respondents, the majority were elderly (>60 years) totaling 65.7% and female (73.1%). A total of 71.6% of respondents had poor sleep quality, while 28.4% had good sleep quality. The dominant factor influencing poor sleep quality was advanced age (72.7%), moderate stress level (80%), excessive BMI (72.2%), and irregular sleep schedule (55.2%). Most hypertension patients at Paniki Bawah Health Center have poor sleep quality. The most influential factors are old age, stress, obesity, and irregular sleep patterns. Health education, stress management, and habituation to regular sleep patterns are needed to improve the sleep quality of hypertension patients