Social and economic determinants of international migration: a study of Kuki migrants in Singapore

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the social and economic determinants that influenced the Kuki migration from Manipur, India to Singapore. It analyses the economic, social and cultural dimensions that motivated and shaped the journey of the migrants. Design/methodology/approach Drawing insights from theoretical frameworks and empirical data collected from the 20 Kuki migrants through in-depth interviews, the paper explores the drivers behind migration decisions and outlines their experiences in Singapore. Findings The findings reveal that economic motivations are the primary drivers of migration, with migrants seeking better employment opportunities, an improved standard of living and the ability to support their families through regular remittances. Social networks and geographical proximity also significantly influenced their destination choice. Social networks have also provided the much-needed essential support systems besides contributing significantly towards cultural adaptation at the place of destination. Singapore’s multicultural societal setup and perceived racial affinity with the native communities provided added advantages for the migrants. Despite these benefits, migrants have faced challenges such as precarious labour conditions and socioeconomic vulnerabilities. Research limitations/implications Though the paper has addressed the above-mentioned issues, it has certain limitations. Firstly, the current research is confined to Kuki migrants in Singapore. Hence, it does not necessarily reflect the experiences and challenges encountered by the Kuki diaspora across the globe. Secondly, the migration process being dynamic in nature, the perception, understanding and ability of the migrants to cope with the host community is an evolving one. Hence, the analysis and narratives with regard to sociocultural dimensions are dynamic in nature. Thirdly, the present study is a microsociological study in nature and scope. Originality/value This paper contributes to the broader discourse on migration studies by offering an in-depth analysis of the determinants and challenges that shaped Kuki migration. It highlights critical issues relating to the perceptions, vulnerabilities, welfare and development of the migrants.