Systematic Evaluation of Implemented Strategic Trypanosomosis and Vector control activities by the Application of Insecticides (Deltamethrin base) using Stationary attractive devices (targets), Ground sprays and Live bait techniques in upper Birbir valley

Abstract Background Trypanosomosis and vector control methods have evolved from game animal destruction and bush clearing, which mainly targeted on the removal of the source of food and shade, to insecticide spraying following the discovery of DDT. Baseline and control entomological and parasitological surveys or studies were carried out from September 2016 to February 2018, with the purpose intended to systematically evaluate the effectiveness of implemented strategic trypanosomosis and vector control activities. Results Baseline and control entomological surveys or studies were compared; and an overall apparent fly density of 2.61 flies/trap/day during the baseline survey was declined to 1.68 flies/trap/day with the rate of 64.37% after control with supporting evidence of a decrease in the daily mean catch of fly per single trap from 5.23 ± 1.58 to 3.35 ± 1.58, (Mean catch ± SD). Based on baseline and control survey or study results the overall prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis was compared and significantly declined from 7.91–4.81%, likelihood-ratio = 13.49, Pr = 0.000, with the rate of 60.81%. Furthermore, significantly better heard mean packed cell volume was observed during control survey or study 22.53 ± 4.48, 25.68 ± 4.04 (Mean PCV ± SD), when compared with baseline 21.87 ± 4.57, 25.41 ± 4.27 (Mean PCV ± SD), in parasite-infected and non- infected cattle respectively. Conclusions The study concluded that the use of stationary attractive devices (targets), Ground sprays, and Live bait techniques of Deltamethrin based insecticide had shown a significant decline in the density of tsetse fly (vector hosts) and trypanosomosis prevalence with a better heard mean PCV of infected and non-infected cattle. Therefore, the research recommended that such kind of control methods which are environmentally friendly or non-intrusive, cheap, and non-complicated for farmers and experts living at endemic tsetse belt areas.