Characteristics of allele pool of cattle of simmental breed in Kazakhstan

One of the key aspects of studying of new breeds, types and lines of farm animals is to evoluation the state of their allele pool by using DNA markers. At the same time, it should be noted that a significant contribution to the characteristic of allelic diversity of breeds is made by regional populations, the formation of which in most cases took place on the basis of local cattle, which are carriers of their own unique allele pool. It is known that studies on microsatellites make it possible to determine the genetic diversity within and between breeds, and the average number of alleles, observed and expected heterozygosity, allow us to calculate the genetic parameters of populations and evaluate their diversity. The purpose of the research was to study the features of the allele pool of a new intra-breed type Ertis of Red-and-White dairy cattle in the Simmental breed. The sampling of biological materials has been carried out according to generally accepted methods. Genotyping has been performed with a set of StockMarks Cattle at 12 loci. Identification of amplification products has been performed on the abi Prism 310 genetic analyzer (Applied Biosystems, USA) using capillary electrophoresis. Decoding of the obtained graphical results has been carried out in the program GeneMapper 4,0. The results of researches on the genetic structure of the studied population of cattle have been reflected in the article. It has been found that there are 65 alleles in 12 loci of the microsatellite, of which 7 alleles with a frequency of occurrence of ≤1 % have been identified. The most informative loci were TGLA227, TGLA122, ETH3, and TGLA53. The average level of expected heterozygosity was 0,68, with random inbreeding – 0,0488. Studies of the genetic profile of the new intra-breed type of dairy cattle Ertis allowed us to establish the wide variety of allele pool in it, and the small number of rare alleles allocated gives grounds for the possibility of determining this population as an independent structural unit in Simmental breed.