New occurrence data of bryophytes and lichens from São Jorge Island (Azores, Macaronesia)

The Azorean Archipelago hosts an exceptionally rich cryptogamic flora, although several islands remain comparatively understudied. To address this gap, the present study presents records of bryophytes and lichens from São Jorge Island (SJO), based on opportunistic collections made during a MOVECLIM – Azores project expedition, from 29 July to 2 August 2014. Sampling was based on direct observation of noteworthy specimens and targeted areas with high substrate diversity and species richness. All collected material was subsequently examined and identified to species or subspecies level. Overall, the study aimed to: (i) document bryophyte and lichen species richness across major habitats; (ii) identify environmental drivers of species distribution; and (iii) increase the AZU Herbarium collection. A total of 568 specimens were recorded, representing 111 species. Overall, the inventory comprises nine lichen species, three hornworts, 44 liverworts and 55 mosses; of these, 12 species are newly reported for SJO, including five lichens, one hornwort, one liverwort and five mosses. Three mosses are endemic to the Azores, six species are endemic to Macaronesia (four mosses; two liverworts) and twelve species are endemic to Europe (four mosses; eight liverworts). Most specimens were collected at elevations between 300 and 600 m and around 1000 m. Rocks and soil supported the greatest bryophyte diversity, whereas lichens were mostly collected on epiphytic substrates.