Immunoexpression of p53 and Ki-67 in Urinary Bladder Carcinoma and Their Association with Tumor Grade and Muscle-invasiveness

Background: Urinary bladder carcinoma is one of the threatening causes of human morbidity and mortality. Various molecular studies and prognostic biomarkers are helpful to assess the outcome of urinary bladder carcinoma. High expression of p53 and Ki-67 represents the aggressiveness of the disease and indicates poor prognosis. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Pathology, Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College from September 2018 to July 2020 to observe the immunoexpression of p53 and Ki-67 in urinary bladder carcinoma and their association with tumor grade and muscle-invasiveness. Total 57 transurethral resection (TURBT) samples of radiologically and clinically suspected bladder tumor cases were diagnosed histopathologically included in the study. Results: Age of the study patients ranged from 35 to 80 years with a mean of 60.60 ± 11.14 and male to female ratio was 4.7:1. There were 31 (54.4%) high grade and 26 (45.6%) low grade urinary bladder carcinomas on histopathological examination. Thirty (52.6%) cases were histopathologically muscle invasive bladder carcinoma (MIBC) and 27 (47.4%) cases were non-muscle invasive bladder carcinoma (NMIBC). Positive p53 expression was observed in 24 (77.4%) cases of high grade carcinoma while only in 6 (23.1%) cases of low grade urinary bladder carcinoma. Positive p53 expression was seen in 22 (73.3%) cases of MIBC and 8 (29.6%) cases of NMIBC. Ki-67 expression was found positive in 27 (87.1%) cases of high grade carcinoma while only in 7 (26.9%) cases of low grade urinary bladder carcinoma. Positive Ki-67 expression was seen in 25 (83.3%) cases of MIBC and 9 (33.3%) cases of NMIBC. Statistically significant association (P<0.05) was observed in histopathological grades and muscle invasiveness of UBC with p53 and Ki-67 expression. Conclusion: p53 and Ki-67 immunomarker may be helpful to provide additional prognostic information in urinary bladder carcinoma.