Impact of Biomass Fuel Feeding Ratio in Co-firing Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler: A Computational Fluid Dynamics Study

Nowadays, our global population is on a notable rise, coupled with an annual surge in energy consumption. The prevailing reliance on fossil fuels, especially in electricity generation, has significantly contributed to environmental pollution and exacerbated global warming. The circulating fluidized bed, distinguished for its continuous operation and effective heat transfer in the combustion chamber, emerges as a prominent boiler type. Furthermore, the use of biomass fuel, recognized for its renewable and environmentally friendly characteristics, presents an attractive option. Hence, exploring a co-firing system incorporating both coal and biomass as fuel feeds for the boiler holds promise, necessitating optimization for efficient energy production and reduced gas emissions. This study employs computational fluid dynamics to simulate the intricate interactions of solid fuel and flue gas reactions within the boiler, utilizing the two-fluid method for multiphase flow simulation. The circulating fluidized bed boiler in focus employs subbituminous coal, woodchips as biomass sources, and sand as the bed material. Model validation against operational data, including bed temperature, flue gas velocity outlet, and carbon dioxide mass fraction, indicates minimal deviation. Examination of the biomass ratio's impact on fuel feed reveals a reduction in sulfur dioxide emissions with an increasing biomass ratio, attributed to the lower sulfur content in woodchips compared to coal. However, a heightened woodchip blending ratio results in diminished boiler efficiency due to the altered heating value of the mixed solid fuel. The optimized biomass-to-coal ratio in fuel feeding is determined as 59.15%, achieving a maximized boiler efficiency of 82.84% and minimized pollution gas emissions of sulfur oxide and nitrogen oxide in accordance with industrial standards.