Techno-Economic Analysis of Hybrid Photovoltaic Systems with Integration of Electrical Vehicles

With the decrease in fossil resources and the increase in oil prices, countries that direct the development of today's technology want to sustain their increasing energy needs with clean and renewable energy sources. When energy is almost a new value, we are coming to times when the load flows on the producer and consumer side are constantly changing and unpredictable with the integration of renewable energy plants and electric vehicles (EV). In the face of this unexpected energy flow, minimizing energy consumption costs and providing the highest benefit and income in this energy cycle are among the main reasons for carrying out this study. This study shows the technological and economic examination of hybrid systems with the integration of electric vehicles charged at different periods in terms of household consumption using PVSyst software. The study examines eight different night- and day-charging behaviors of electric vehicles. As a result, the rates of benefiting from the hybrid systems are revealed in the PVSyst software. The study examines the charging status, charge-discharge energies, and hours of lithium-ion batteries in the hybrid solar energy system, along with the hybrid system's performance. Economic indicators such as internal rate of return (IRR), net present value (NPV), levelized cost of energy (LCOE), payback time, and return on investment (ROI) are analyzed in the study. According to the results, vehicles charged during the daytime generate more income than vehicles charged at night. The highest income was obtained by case 1, with 80% SOC and 3,287,567 TRY NPV, and the lowest income was obtained by case 8, with 20% SOC and 2,549,651 TRY NPV. Another interesting finding is that even if EVs start charging at night at 80% SOC, they provide more profit than vehicles start being charged during the day at 20% SOC.   Received: 7 November 2024 | Revised: 10 February 2025 | Accepted: 26 February 2025   Conflicts of Interest The author declares that he has no conflicts of interest in this work.   Data Availability Statement Data is available on request from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.   Author Contribution Statement Cihan Karaman: Conceptualization, Methodology, Software, Validation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Resources, Data curation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing, Visualization, Supervision, Project administration.