BubR1 TPR domain supports mitotic checkpoint by promoting MCC formation and MCC-APC/C interaction

Abstract BubR1 is the key component of the mitotic checkpoint, a surveillance mechanism ensures accurate chromosome segregation by facilitating the assembly of the mitotic checkpoint complex and promoting its binding to the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome. Although BubR1’s role in SAC signaling has been extensively investigated, the function of its N-terminal tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domain remains poorly understood. In this study, we first established the essential role of the BubR1 TPR domain in SAC signaling. Guided by the resolved cryo-EM structure of the MCC-APC/C complex, we identified and characterized several interactions involving this domain with Mad2, Cdc20 APC/C , Apc2. Furthermore, we discovered an intramolecular interaction between the TPR domain and downstream residues of BubR1, which appears to organize a structure resembling a “lasso” that incorporates four Cdc20 APC/C -binding elements, thereby enhancing engagement with Cdc20 in the APC/C. Functional and biochemical analyses demonstrated that these interactions collectively promote MCC assembly and MCC-APC/C binding, enabling rapid SAC activation in response to microtubule-kinetochore attachment defects.