GENETIC IMPROVEMENT OF NATURAL ENEMIES (PREDATORS, PARASITIODS AND ENTOMOPATHOGENS)

Pest problems in agriculture have changed dramatically in the first decade of the 21st century due to changes in ecosystems and technology. Biological pest control is accepted as an effective, environmentally friendly, efficient, economical and social pest control method. Its purpose is to prevent pests by using crop pests or natural enemies of other pests (parasites, predators and pathogens). Genetic engineering is now widely used in many areas of agriculture (including pest control). Growth potential, short lifespan, and relative ease of growth are advantages that can be used to control pests. Equally important is the enormous genetic plasticity of insects (see evolution of resistance) and their genetics, resulting both in the native breed and from the various mutagens exposed to them. To increase their effectiveness as biocontrol agents of arthropod natural enemies, genetic engineering requires the identification of beneficial effects, the genes that influence these behaviors, and the development of ideas for incorporating them into natural enemies so that genes can work. It is necessary to teach and transfer it to generations firmly. Lack of knowledge of the genetic basis for the inheritance of essential traits in beneficial organisms makes intelligence directed reproduction difficult and lengthy. Sufficient genetic diversity must be achieved to ensure that the traits necessary for selection are available. Natural enemy is identified as a good biological control agent, their limitation is influenced by an important gene available through selection, mutagenesis or cloning, health and wellness controls, and disease releases.