Antennas in Terahertz Technology

The rapid advancement in wireless technology over recent years has significantly transformed data traffic patterns. Terahertz (THz) frequencies can enable data transfer rates far exceeding those possible with current technologies (such as Wi-Fi and 5G). The potential for multi-gigabit-per-second transfer rates opens up new possibilities for applications requiring high bandwidth. The shorter wavelengths of terahertz signals allow for more compact antennas and enhanced spatial resolution. This can lead to smaller and more efficient wireless devices that can operate within densely populated environments. Using THz frequencies could alleviate congestion in existing communication bands, offering a vast spectrum of unused frequencies that can be utilized for data transmission, especially in urban areas with high traffic. THz technology has the potential to impact a variety of sectors, including: healthcare: non-invasive imaging and diagnostic techniques; telecommunications: ultra-high-speed internet and wireless backhaul solutions; consumer electronics: improved Wi-Fi standards, augmented reality, and virtual reality applications. Various research progress has been made for different types of THz antennas, including photoconductive antennas, horn antennas, lens antennas, microstrip antennas, on-chip antennas, etc.