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The mechanism and kinetics of zinc ferrite formation in steelmaking processes—A review
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This review focuses on the mechanism and kinetics of zinc ferrite (ZnFe
2
O
4
) formation, which has a critical implication on a recently proposed process for removing and recovering Zn from steelmaking processes, named In-Process Separation technology for Electric Arc Furnace Off-Gas Cleaning Systems. While the solid–solid reaction between ZnO and Fe
2
O
3
has been much studied for different applications, in this review, the authors examined the significance of the interaction between Zn vapor and iron oxides through a gas–solid reaction with CO
2
and CO present in the Electric Arc Furnace Off Gas Cleaning System. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, and particle size distribution analysis have been used in investigations reported in the literature to study the reaction mechanism and kinetics of ZnFe
2
O
4
formation using Fe
2
O
3
pellet in a gas–solid reaction and using Fe
2
O
3
powder and pellet through a solid–solid reaction. These techniques enable monitoring of the evolving solid phases (Fe
2
O
3
, Fe
3
O
4
, ZnO, Zn, and ZnFe
2
O
4
) to determine their morphology, particle size, and the extent of ZnFe
2
O
4
formation for kinetics analysis. The industrial operating conditions, thermodynamic feasibility, and kinetics data of the gas–solid pathway are critical for implementing the In-Process Separation and to minimize undesired ZnFe
2
O
4
formation towards sustainable and efficient steel production.
Title: The mechanism and kinetics of zinc ferrite formation in steelmaking processes—A review
Description:
This review focuses on the mechanism and kinetics of zinc ferrite (ZnFe
2
O
4
) formation, which has a critical implication on a recently proposed process for removing and recovering Zn from steelmaking processes, named In-Process Separation technology for Electric Arc Furnace Off-Gas Cleaning Systems.
While the solid–solid reaction between ZnO and Fe
2
O
3
has been much studied for different applications, in this review, the authors examined the significance of the interaction between Zn vapor and iron oxides through a gas–solid reaction with CO
2
and CO present in the Electric Arc Furnace Off Gas Cleaning System.
X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, and particle size distribution analysis have been used in investigations reported in the literature to study the reaction mechanism and kinetics of ZnFe
2
O
4
formation using Fe
2
O
3
pellet in a gas–solid reaction and using Fe
2
O
3
powder and pellet through a solid–solid reaction.
These techniques enable monitoring of the evolving solid phases (Fe
2
O
3
, Fe
3
O
4
, ZnO, Zn, and ZnFe
2
O
4
) to determine their morphology, particle size, and the extent of ZnFe
2
O
4
formation for kinetics analysis.
The industrial operating conditions, thermodynamic feasibility, and kinetics data of the gas–solid pathway are critical for implementing the In-Process Separation and to minimize undesired ZnFe
2
O
4
formation towards sustainable and efficient steel production.
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