Could Premature Ventricular Contractions Lead to Atrial Remodeling?

Background Premature ventricular contraction (PVC) is a frequent kind of arrhythmia that affects around %1 of the general population. While PVC most frequently impairs ventricular function in structurally normal heart, retrograde ventriculo-atrial conduction can occur in people with PVC. These retrograde atrial activations may mimic pulmonary vein-derived atrial ectopies. As a result, PVC may raise the risk of AF by retrograde ventriculo-atrial conduction. The Four-Dimensional Automated Left Atrial Quantification (4D Auto LAQ) tool is a left atrial analytical approach that utilizes three-dimensional volume data to quantify the volume, as well as LA longitudinal and circumferential strains. The purpose of this study was to determine if clinical diagnosis of PVC is connected with abnormal LA function as determined by LA strain evaluation utilizing a 4D Auto LAQ compared to the healthy population. Methods The 58 patients with frequent PVCs and 53 healthy volunteers as a control group were enrolled in the study. Imaging was performed using the GE Vivid E95 echocardiography equipment (GE Healthcare; Vingmed Ultrasound, Horten, Norway) equipped with an M5S probe (frequency range: 1.5–4.6 MHz) and a 4V probe (frequency range: 1.5–4.0 MHz). Images were imported into and were selected for analysis using the EchoPAC203 software (GE Healthcare). The analysis mode was selected, followed by the volume and 4D Auto LAQ submodes. Following that, the sample point was positioned in the center of the mitral orifice in each of the three planes. The review function was used to acquire the LA parameters measured by 4D Auto LAQ, including volume and strain parameters. Results The maximum left atrial volume (LAVmax) and minimal left atrial volume (LAVmin) were signifcantly higher in the patient group (38.91 ± 9.72 vs. 46.31 ± 10.22, 17.75 ± 4.52 vs. 23.10 ± 7.13 respectively, all p values <0,001). On the other hand left atrial reservoir longitudinal strain (LASr), conduit longitudinal strain (LAScd), contraction longitudinal strain (LASct), reservoir circumferential strain (LASr-c), conduit circumferential strain (LAScd-c), and contraction circumferential strain (LASct-c) were signifcantly lower in patient group (26.64 ± 5.64 vs.19.16 ± 4.58, -19.53 ± 3.72vs.-11.28 ± 3.47, -10.34 ± 1.56 vs.-4.59 ± 1.49, 30.72 ± 4.04 vs.19.31 ± 2.60, -19.91 ± 1.78 vs. -13.38 ± 2.85,-15.89 ± 6.37vs.-9.24 ± 1.63 , respectively, all p values <0,001). Conclusions The present study found that premature ventricular complexes can lead to atrial remodeling as well as ventricular remodeling in patients with PVC and 4D LAQ technology can quantitatively examine left atrial function and determine these alterations early.