Formation of buckwheat productivity in organic cultivation

Purpose. To establish the patterns of growth and development of buckwheat in organic cultivation depending on the application of bioproducts and varietal characteristics. Methods. The study was conducted in 2023–2025 at the Shevchenko Agricultural Enterprise (Kyiv region). The field experiment was established according to a two-factor scheme: factor A – buckwheat varieties: ‘Antaria’ (medium-early), ‘Syn-3/02’ (medium-ripening), ‘Yaroslavna’ (early-ripening); factor B – bioproducts: without bioproducts (control), Biocomplex–BTU, Potassium Humate, Humisol. All tested bioproducts complied with the requirements of organic production and were included in the list of permitted inputs. Results. The application of all studied bioproducts positively affected the morphological parameters of buckwheat plants. Maximum plant height (up to 113 cm in ‘Syn-3/02’) and number of inflorescences (up to 26.84) were formed under combined application of Potassium Humate, which substantially exceeded the control. The highest stimulatory efficiency was demonstrated by combined use of Potassium Humate (seed treatment + plant treatment during vegetation). This treatment ensured maximum increase in yield structure elements, in particular the 1000-kernel weight up to 30.36 g in ‘Syn-3/02’, as well as the highest yield. The absolute maximum yield was 2.30 t/ha (‘Syn-3/02’), providing an increase of 0.41 t/ha, or about 21.7%, compared with the control (1.89 t/ha). The variety ‘Syn-3/02’ showed the highest productivity potential in organic cultivation, combining maximum baseline yield in the control with the highest absolute indicators in treatments with bioproduct application. At the same time, the variety ‘Yaroslavna’ was characterised by the lowest yield indicators, although even in this case the use of Potassium Humate increased yield to 1.90 t/ha compared with 1.56 t/ha in the control. Conclusions. The highest efficiency in improving morphological parameters, yield structure elements, and achieving maximum buckwheat yield in organic cultivation (up to 2.30 t/ha, or an increase of 21.7% in ‘Syn-3/02’) is ensured by combined application of the bioproduct Potassium Humate (seed treatment + plant treatment during vegetation).