Prevalence and factors associated with Blood Exposure Accidents Among Healthcare Workers in Kalemie, Democratic Republic of Congo, March 2024: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract Background: Blood exposure accidents (BEAs) represent a major occupational hazard for healthcare workers, particularly in low-resource settings. In Kalemie, Democratic Republic of Congo, limited access to protective equipment and inconsistent adherence to safety protocols increase the risk of exposure to blood and body fluids. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in March 2024 among 316 healthcare providers working in various health facilities in Kalemie. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed with SPSS version 26. Descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis, and multivariate logistic regression were used to identify factors associated with BEA occurrence. Results: Among participants, 64.8% [95% CI: 60.4–70.8] reported experiencing a BEA during their professional career, and 60.4% [95% CI: 54.9–65.6] within the past 12 months. The most common causes were unexpected patient movement (42.4%) and lack of attention (34.6%). In multivariate analysis, working in secondary-level facilities (AOR = 0.31; 95% CI: 0.14–0.67; p = 0.003) and inconsistent compliance with standard precautions (AOR = 2.92; 95% CI: 1.50–5.68; p = 0.001) were significantly associated with BEAs occurrence. Conclusion: BEAs remain highly prevalent among healthcare workers in Kalemie. Strengthening training on standard precautions, improving access to personal protective equipment, and promoting a culture of safety are essential to reduce occupational risks and improve worker protection.