Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) for Sustainable Tourism: A Review of Applications, Benefits, and Future Directions

This chapter explores the role of Global Navigation Satellite Systems in advancing sustainable tourism practices. Originally developed for navigation and geolocation, these satellite-based technologies have evolved into essential tools for managing tourist flows, protecting sensitive ecosystems, and enhancing visitor experiences. The chapter reviews how satellite navigation systems are applied across various domains, including ecological tourism, safety and risk management, environmental monitoring, and participatory destination governance through user-generated geographic data. It highlights the integration of satellite navigation with digital innovations such as geographic information systems, artificial intelligence, and interconnected sensing devices to support adaptive tourism services and data-informed decision-making. Ethical considerations related to personal data protection, digital inclusion, and the accuracy of volunteered information are examined, alongside challenges in infrastructure and technological accessibility. Drawing from current applications and emerging trends, the chapter proposes a conceptual framework for the inclusive and ethical integration of satellite-based navigation systems into tourism strategies. This framework addresses key areas such as collaboration among stakeholders, sustainability metrics, educational initiatives, and open data management. In addition, a forward-looking research agenda is presented, emphasizing the need for interdisciplinary studies, comparative analyses across regions, and the creation of publicly accessible platforms that link geospatial data with indicators of environmental and social performance. The chapter concludes by positioning satellite-based navigation technologies as transformative enablers of smart, inclusive, and environmentally responsible tourism, with strong potential to support global development goals and reshape the future of travel.