The Subjectivity Dilemma and Path of Restoration in Education in the Age of Artificial Intelligence: Reflections Based on Marx's Theory of Alienation

Artificial intelligence is penetrating the field of education with unprecedented depth and breadth, demonstrating significant potential in enhancing teaching efficiency and achieving personalized learning. However, it has also raised profound concerns about the possible erosion of human subjectivity. This paper, using Marx's theory of alienation as an analytical framework, systematically examines the multiple risks of AI applications in education that lead to the alienation of students' and teachers' subjectivity. It reveals the latent "alienation of outcomes," "alienation of processes," "alienation of species essence," and "alienation of relationships" in the educational domain under the expansion of technological rationality. The research points out that technology itself is not the root cause of alienation; the key lies in whether its application logic truly serves the all-round development of human beings. Looking to the future, education should promote the deep integration of AI and humanistic spirit in education by advocating "value-embedded" technology design, promoting "subject-empowering" quality cultivation, and strengthening "value-leading" ethical governance, thereby safeguarding and elevating human subjectivity in the technological era.