Mineral magnetic variation of the minle loess/palaeosol sequence of the late glacial to holocene period in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau

SUMMARY Located at the modern junction of the Asian Summer Monsoon and the Westerlies, the northeastern Tibetan Plateau and western Chinese Loess Plateau are in distinct climatic setting from the middle and eastern Chinese Loess Plateau. Besides, Holocene climate variations near the Asian Summer Monsoon margin are highly debated with different models proposed. We carried out environmental magnetic analyses on the Minle loess section, with continuous deposition between 13.3–0.5 ka, located near this margin. Results show that the magnetic susceptibilities of palaeosols are dominantly contributed by superparamagnetic (SP) and single-domain (SD) maghemite and/or magnetite produced by pedogenesis. Limited changes in the content of haematite indicate that dust origin hardly influenced the magnetic mineral variations. The section is divided into four substages according to the changes in magnetic indices and provides a full scene of Holocene climatic evolutions. During the coldest and driest Late Glacial (13.3–11.7 ka), it displays the weakest pedogenesis, as suggested by the lowest SP and SD concentration. The strongest pedogenesis in the Minle section produced higher magnetic susceptibility than the loess records in the Chinese Loess Plateau during the early Holocene Optimum (11.7–8.1 ka). The subsequently declined summer insolation, equatorward migrated Westerlies and the weakened Asian Summer Monsoon led to weak pedogenesis during the middle Holocene (8.1–5.3 ka). Stronger pedogenesis during the late Holocene (5.3–0.5 ka) than the middle Holocene might be due to lower evapotranspiration from weaker insolation and/or to the enhanced winter Westerlies. We attribute the spatiotemporal differences in climatic records of the Chinese loess to precipitation, effective humidity and aeolian geomorphological processes.