Histomorphological analysis of fallopian tube conception in ectopic pregnancy: a retrospective study

Background: Ectopic pregnancy, particularly tubal implantation, is still a leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality in the first trimester. Identifying underlying histopathological changes can provide information about predisposing factors and improve treatment outcomes. Objectives: This study aimed to rule out the histomorphological features of fallopian tubes in ruptured ectopic pregnancies and identify associated pathological findings such as chronic salpingitis, tuberculous salpingitis, and salpingitis isthmica nodosa. Methods: This retrospective study included 21 patients aged 18–38 years who underwent salpingectomy for ruptured ectopic pregnancy. Resected fallopian tubes were examined histologically for the existence of chorionic villi for the confirmation of ectopic tubal pregnancy and associated tissue changes. ANOVA was used to compare histopathological findings. Permission was obtained and consent was taken prior to the study. Data was analyzed using SPSS. Results: This study included 21 patients with age ranged from 18-38 years of ruptured ectopic pregnancy of 6-10 weeks, Majority of the women in 21 cases were primigravida. The right fallopian tube was affected in more patients (61.9%) as compared to the left fallopian tube (38.1%). Ectopic site of pregnancies was seen more in ampulla of 71% patients. Chorionic villi and trophoblastic invasion were present in all cases. Chronic salpingitis was observed in 85.7% of cases, tuberculous salpingitis in 9.52%, and salpingitis isthmica nodosa in 4.8%. Conclusion: Histomorphological study plays an important role in confirming ectopic pregnancy and identifying underlying tubal pathologies. Chronic inflammation remains a key contributory factor, highlighting the need for early diagnosis and management of reproductive tract infections to prevent recurrence of ectopic pregnancies.