Study on stability and antifungal activity against Candida albicans of gel containing clotrimazole-loaded nanoparticles

Background: Clotrimazole (CLO) is a widely used drug for the treatment of cutaneous and mucosal fungal infections caused by Candida albicans (C. albicans). To improve the topical drug absorption, nano-sized drug delivery systems have gained significant attention, particularly for poorly soluble drugs such as CLO. This research aimed to assess the drug release capability of gel containing clotrimazole-loaded nanoparticles and evaluate its antifungal activity against C. albicans. Materials and methods: CLO (China), Eudragit RS100 (Germany), Carbopol 934P (China), and other chemicals were utilized in this study. The clotrimazole-loaded nanoparticles were prepared and incorporated into the gel formulation. The in vitro drug release profile of gel was evaluated using Franz diffusion cells. Furthermore, the antifungal efficacy against C. albicans was assessed using Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) medium. Results: The prepared gel containing CLO-loaded nanoparticles were stable during 6-week storage, demonstrated prolonged drug release after 24 hours compared to the gel containing free CLO (51.46 ± 1.10% and 71.98 ± 1.40%, respectively), exhibited better antifungal activity against C. albicans than gel containing free CLO (31 points versus 33 points). Conclusion: The CLO-loaded nanoparticles incorporated into the gel formulation showed promising potential as a topical drug delivery system, enhancing the antifungal activity and prolonging the drug release. Key words: clotrimazole, Candida albicans, antifungal, gel, nanoparticles